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Question 1: What are the basic building blocks of discrete time system?

The basic building blocks of a discrete-time system are the fundamental elements used to represent and construct discrete-time systems. They are:

1. Adder (Summation Element) –
   • It adds two or more input signals to produce an output signal.

   • It is represented by:

     $$y[n] = x_1[n] + x_2[n]$$
2. Constant Multiplier –
   • It multiplies a signal by a constant value.

   • It is represented by:

     $$y[n] = a\,x[n]$$
3. Signal Multiplier –
   • It multiplies two or more signals together.

   • It is represented by:

     $$y[n] = x_1[n]x_2[n]$$
4. Unit Delay Element –
   • It delays a discrete-time signal by one sample.

   • It is represented by:

     $$y[n] = x[n-1]$$
   • It is usually denoted by $z^{-1}$.
5. Unit Advance Element –
• It advances a discrete-time signal by one sample.

• It is represented by:

  $$y[n] = x[n+1]$$
• It is usually denoted by $z$.